Choose what to find, then enter the lot and building areas in square meters. For the limits in %, enter the values set by your local zoning rules.
Table of Contents
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What you can do on this page
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What is this calculation used for?
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How to Use
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Formulas and figures
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Symbols and terms
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Good to know before you start
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How to calculate it in Excel
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How to calculate it in Google Sheets
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How to calculate it in Python
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How to write it in LaTeX and other math languages (copy and paste)
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How to have ChatGPT do the calculation
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DataChef Features
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Related Features
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NumberChef Calculators List
What you can do on this page
- Enter the lot area, the building footprint and the gross floor area, and you get the lot coverage (footprint ÷ lot area) and the floor area ratio, FAR (floor area ÷ lot area), in %
- You can enter areas in square feet or in acres (acres are converted with 1 acre = 43,560 ft²). Switch "Units" to Metric to work in square meters
- Working backward, enter the lot area and the lot coverage and FAR limits in %, and you get the maximum footprint and maximum floor area for that lot, plus an estimate of the number of stories (maximum floor area ÷ maximum footprint)
- Add the footprint and floor area of the existing building, and you also see the room left under the limits (how many more square feet you can build) and the current ratios
- A figure shows how much of the lot the footprint covers
What is this calculation used for?
Say a listing shows a 5,000 ft² lot in a district where, for example, the zoning code allows 40% lot coverage and an FAR of 0.6. That alone tells you the footprint can be up to \(5000 \times 0.4 = 2000\) ft² and the floor area up to \(5000 \times 0.6 = 3000\) ft².
Compare this with the home you want, say 2,400 ft² of living space, and you can tell whether the lot is big enough before you visit. The exact limits depend on local rules on what counts, so confirm them with the planning office or an architect in the end.
On a 6,000 ft² lot with limits of 35% lot coverage and 50% FAR, a house with a 1,800 ft² footprint and 2,600 ft² of floor area has \(2100 - 1800 = 300\) ft² of footprint and \(3000 - 2600 = 400\) ft² of floor area left.
A 12 ft × 20 ft (240 ft²) family room on the ground floor fits both margins on paper, but a 20 ft × 20 ft (400 ft²) ground-floor addition goes over the 300 ft² of footprint left. It is a quick check before you hire a designer (whether you can really build it also depends on setbacks, height limits and the structure, so ask an architect).
The lot coverage share goes to buildings, and the rest is left for a yard, a driveway and paths. On a 4,000 ft² lot with a 50% lot coverage limit, the house can cover up to 2,000 ft², leaving 2,000 ft² of open ground.
A standard parking space is about \(9 \times 18 = 162\) ft², so two cars need about 324 ft². That tells you whether "two parking spaces plus a yard" will fit. If your code also limits hard surfaces such as driveways, check that limit too.
Two 5,000 ft² lots can allow very different buildings. With a 40% lot coverage limit and FAR 0.8, the maximum floor area is 4,000 ft². With an 80% lot coverage limit and FAR 4.0, it is 20,000 ft².
The FAR divided by the lot coverage (\(0.8 \div 0.4 = 2\), \(4.0 \div 0.8 = 5\)) is the number of stories that fit when the footprint uses the full lot coverage. It tells you whether an area is meant for low buildings or tall ones.
Say you want 1,400 ft² for each of two households, 2,800 ft² in total, on a 5,000 ft² lot with a 30% lot coverage limit. The footprint can be up to 1,500 ft², so you need \(2800 \div 1500 \approx 1.87\) stories, which means a two-story house.
With an FAR limit of 0.6, the maximum floor area is 3,000 ft² and 2,800 ft² fits. With an FAR limit of 0.5, it is only 2,500 ft² on paper, so the plan needs to change.
Formulas and figures
Symbols and terms
Symbols
| \(S\) | S | The lot area (the area of the land the building stands on), from "site". It is calculated in ft² (areas entered in acres are converted to ft²). |
| \(B\) | B | The building footprint (the area seen from directly above), from "building". In the maximum area mode it is the current footprint. |
| \(F\) | F | The gross floor area (all stories added together), from "floor". In the maximum area mode it is the current floor area. |
| \(C\) | C | The lot coverage in %, from "coverage". Found with \(C = B \div S \times 100\). |
| \(V\) | V | The floor area ratio (FAR) in %. The letter comes from "volume", since FAR controls the bulk of a building, but it is calculated from floor area, not volume. Found with \(V = F \div S \times 100\). |
| \(C_{\max}\), \(V_{\max}\) | C max, V max | The lot coverage and FAR limits in %. "max" is short for maximum. Enter the values in your local zoning code. |
| \(B_{\max}\), \(F_{\max}\) | B max, F max | The maximum footprint and maximum floor area found backward from the limits. Found with \(B_{\max} = S \times C_{\max} \div 100\) and \(F_{\max} = S \times V_{\max} \div 100\). |
| \(n\) | n | The estimated number of stories, from "number". It is the floor area ÷ the footprint: the number of stories if every story were as large as the footprint. |
| \(\Delta B\), \(\Delta F\) | delta B, delta F | The room left under the limits (how many more square feet you can build). \(\Delta\) (delta) is the Greek letter used for "difference". Found with \(\Delta B = B_{\max} - B\) and \(\Delta F = F_{\max} - F\). |
Terms
| lot coverage | The building footprint as a percentage of the lot area. It shows how much of the lot may be covered by buildings. Limits are set to keep light, air, open space and room for rainwater to soak into the ground. Some codes use "building coverage" for this. |
| floor area ratio | The gross floor area divided by the lot area, usually shortened to FAR. It shows how much floor space may be built on the lot, and limits keep the size and density of buildings in check. US codes usually write it as a ratio (FAR 0.6); this page uses the same value in % (60%). Because stories stack up, it can go above 1 (100%). |
| lot area | The area of the land the building stands on, shown as the "lot size" in property listings and records. It is the bottom of the fraction in both lot coverage and FAR. |
| footprint | The area inside the outline of the building seen from directly above (its horizontal projection). It is often about the same as the first-floor area, but a second floor that sticks out past the first also counts. |
| gross floor area | The floor areas of all stories added together. For a two-story house, it is the first-floor area plus the second-floor area. Also called total floor area. |
| horizontal projection | The shadow a building would cast on the ground if lit from directly above, in other words "the area seen from above". The footprint is measured this way. |
| zoning district | An area on the local zoning map with its own rules on what kind and size of building may be built (residential, commercial, industrial and so on). The lot coverage and FAR limits are set for each district. You can find your district on the city or county zoning map or at the planning office. |
| zoning code | The local law (also called a zoning ordinance) in which a city or county sets how land may be used and how large buildings may be. The lot coverage and FAR limits for each zoning district are written in it. |
| setback | The minimum distance a building must keep from the front, side and rear lot lines. Even when lot coverage and FAR allow more, setbacks can make the buildable area smaller. This page does not calculate setbacks. |
| impervious coverage | The share of a lot covered by hard surfaces that water cannot soak through, such as buildings, driveways and patios. Some codes limit this separately from lot coverage, or count these surfaces in lot coverage. This page does not handle these rules. |
| full two-story | A two-story house whose second floor is the same size as the first, like a simple box. The floor area is the footprint × 2, so the estimated number of stories is exactly 2. |
| acre | A unit of land area used in the US. 1 acre = 43,560 ft² (about 4,047 m²). Larger lots are often listed in acres, such as "0.25 acres" (10,890 ft²). |
Good to know before you start
Here is what helps you use the calculation on this page with real understanding, not just by pressing the button.
| Ratios and percentages (Grades 6–7) |
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| Area and its units (Grades 3–6) |
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| Converting units (Grades 5–7 and up) |
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| Multiplying and dividing decimals (Grades 5–6) |
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How to calculate it in Excel
| Lot area (ft²) | 4000 |
| Footprint (ft²) | 2000 |
| Lot coverage (%) | =B2/B1*100 |
| Lot area (ft²) | 4000 |
| Gross floor area (ft²) | 5000 |
| FAR (%) | =B2/B1*100 |
| Lot area (ft²) | 5000 |
| Lot coverage limit (%) | 40 |
| FAR limit (%) | 60 |
| Maximum footprint (ft²) | =B1*B2/100 |
| Maximum floor area (ft²) | =B1*B3/100 |
| Gross floor area (ft²) | 5000 |
| Footprint (ft²) | 2000 |
| Estimated stories | =B1/B2 |
| Maximum footprint (ft²) | 2100 |
| Current footprint (ft²) | 1800 |
| Maximum floor area (ft²) | 3000 |
| Current floor area (ft²) | 2600 |
| Footprint left (ft²) | =B1-B2 |
| Floor area left (ft²) | =B3-B4 |
"/" is division and "*" is multiplication. B3 in the first table shows 50 (%), and B3 in the second table shows 125 (%).
The third table turns the % back into a ratio with "/100" before multiplying by the lot area (B4 shows 2000 and B5 shows 3000). If your code gives the FAR as a ratio such as 0.6, enter 60 in B3.
B3 in the fourth table shows 2.5, and the fifth table shows 300 in B5 and 400 in B6. To enter an area in acres, type it in the cell as "=0.25*43560" and it is converted to ft².
How to calculate it in Google Sheets
| Lot area (ft²) | 4000 |
| Footprint (ft²) | 2000 |
| Lot coverage (%) | =B2/B1*100 |
| Lot area (ft²) | 4000 |
| Gross floor area (ft²) | 5000 |
| FAR (%) | =B2/B1*100 |
| Lot area (ft²) | 5000 |
| Lot coverage limit (%) | 40 |
| FAR limit (%) | 60 |
| Maximum footprint (ft²) | =B1*B2/100 |
| Maximum floor area (ft²) | =B1*B3/100 |
| Gross floor area (ft²) | 5000 |
| Footprint (ft²) | 2000 |
| Estimated stories | =B1/B2 |
| Maximum footprint (ft²) | 2100 |
| Current footprint (ft²) | 1800 |
| Maximum floor area (ft²) | 3000 |
| Current floor area (ft²) | 2600 |
| Footprint left (ft²) | =B1-B2 |
| Floor area left (ft²) | =B3-B4 |
How to calculate it in Python
site_area = 4000.0 # lot area (ft²). For acres, convert like 0.25 * 43560
building_area = 2000.0 # building footprint (ft²)
floor_area = 5000.0 # gross floor area (ft²)
# lot coverage and FAR (%), and the estimated number of stories
coverage_ratio = building_area / site_area * 100
floor_area_ratio = floor_area / site_area * 100
floors_estimate = floor_area / building_area
print(f"Lot coverage: {coverage_ratio:.2f} %")
print(f"FAR: {floor_area_ratio:.2f} %")
print(f"Estimated stories: {floors_estimate:.2f}")
# working backward: maximum areas from the limits, and the room left for the current building
coverage_limit = 60.0 # lot coverage limit (%), from your local zoning code
far_limit = 150.0 # FAR limit (%); FAR 1.5 = 150 %
max_building_area = site_area * coverage_limit / 100
max_floor_area = site_area * far_limit / 100
building_margin = max_building_area - building_area
floor_margin = max_floor_area - floor_area
print(f"Maximum footprint: {max_building_area:.2f} ft² (room left {building_margin:.2f} ft²)")
print(f"Maximum floor area: {max_floor_area:.2f} ft² (room left {floor_margin:.2f} ft²)")
How to write it in LaTeX and other math languages (copy and paste)
C = B ÷ S × 100
C = \frac{B}{S} \times 100
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac><mi>B</mi><mi>S</mi></mfrac>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>100</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
C = B / S xx 100
b/s*100
C := B/S*100;
C = B/S*100;
C = B/S × 100
V = F ÷ S × 100
V = \frac{F}{S} \times 100
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<mi>V</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac><mi>F</mi><mi>S</mi></mfrac>
<mo>×</mo>
<mn>100</mn>
</mrow>
</math>
V = F / S xx 100
f/s*100
V := F/S*100;
V = F/S*100;
V = F/S × 100
Bmax = S × Cmax ÷ 100, Fmax = S × Vmax ÷ 100
B_{\max} = S \times \frac{C_{\max}}{100},\quad F_{\max} = S \times \frac{V_{\max}}{100}
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<msub><mi>B</mi><mi>max</mi></msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>S</mi><mo>×</mo>
<mfrac><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>max</mi></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac>
<mo>,</mo>
<msub><mi>F</mi><mi>max</mi></msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>S</mi><mo>×</mo>
<mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>max</mi></msub><mn>100</mn></mfrac>
</mrow>
</math>
B_max = S xx C_max / 100, F_max = S xx V_max / 100
{s*cmax/100, s*vmax/100}
Bmax := S*Cmax/100; Fmax := S*Vmax/100;
Bmax = S*Cmax/100; Fmax = S*Vmax/100;
B_max = S × C_max/100, F_max = S × V_max/100
n = F ÷ B
n = \frac{F}{B}
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac><mi>F</mi><mi>B</mi></mfrac>
</mrow>
</math>
n = F / B
f/b
n := F/B;
n = F/B;
n = F/B
ΔB = Bmax − B, ΔF = Fmax − F
\Delta B = B_{\max} - B,\quad \Delta F = F_{\max} - F
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
<mrow>
<mi>Δ</mi><mi>B</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub><mi>B</mi><mi>max</mi></msub>
<mo>−</mo>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>Δ</mi><mi>F</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub><mi>F</mi><mi>max</mi></msub>
<mo>−</mo>
<mi>F</mi>
</mrow>
</math>
Delta B = B_max - B, Delta F = F_max - F
{bmax - b, fmax - f}
dB := Bmax - B; dF := Fmax - F;
dB = Bmax - B; dF = Fmax - F;
ΔB = B_max − B, ΔF = F_max − F
How to have ChatGPT do the calculation
You are an assistant for house and lot area calculations. Do the following calculation by actually running Python code, and base your answer only on the numbers from the execution result (do not answer by mental math or guessing). A 4,000 ft² lot has a house with a 2,000 ft² footprint and 5,000 ft² of gross floor area. Find each of the following: 1. The lot coverage (footprint ÷ lot area × 100) 2. The floor area ratio, FAR (gross floor area ÷ lot area × 100) 3. The estimated number of stories (floor area ÷ footprint) 4. If the lot coverage limit is 60% and the FAR limit is 150% (FAR 1.5), the maximum footprint and maximum floor area, and the room left for the current house (maximum − current) Show the formulas you used and the numbers from the execution result. Do not apply any local exceptions or exclusions.
How to Use
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1Enter your numbersType the numbers you want to calculate with into the input fields
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2CalculatePress the "Calculate" button
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3Check the resultThe result appears on the spot. The same page also explains the idea behind the calculation and the formula
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